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Juvenile justice is criminal law applicable to persons not old enough to be held responsible for criminal acts, usually, the age for criminal culpability is 18. The goal of the juvenile justice system is rehabilitation. Juveniles can be transferred into adult court if juvenile court waives or relinquishes jurisdiction. The doctrine of parens patriae authorizes the state to legislate the protection, care, custody, and maintenance of children within its jurisdiction. The federal role is of funder and standard setter. Congress passed the Juvenile Delinquency Prevention and Control Act in 1968, in 1972 it was revised and renamed the Juvenile Delinquency Prevention Act. This assists states and local communities in preventative services to youth in danger of becoming delinquent and provides training in services and technical assistance occupations . The Act defines juvenile delinquency as any act that is otherwise a crime, committed by someone under 18, and sets rules state laws must comply with in juvenile court procedures and punishments.-- juvenile justice: an overview Cornell Law School Desktop Guide to Good Juvenile Detention Practice - Constitutes the principal product of the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention's Juvenile Justice Personnel Improvement Project. It is intended to serve as a useful aid in enhancing the quality and effectiveness of juvenile detention. National Juvenile Detention Association Center for Research and Professional Development Michigan State University How
Juveniles Get to Criminal Court Adobe Acrobat
File In Search of Law and Order: Reclaiming America's Kids travels to communities working to keep troubled youth from becoming lifetime wards of the justice system: Boston, Massachusetts; Fort Worth, Texas; and Richmond, California. Female
Offenders in the Juvenile Justice
System --
Prepared by the National Center
for Juvenile Justice, research
division of the National Council
of Juvenile and Family Court
Judges, and was Support ed
by cooperative agreement from
the Office of Juvenile Justice
and Delinquency Prevention
OJJDP, and US Department of
Justice. Coordinating Council on Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention National Juvenile Justice Action Plan presents strategies to reduce violence and victimization. They are creating opportunities for youth to take part in community-building activities. Access to Juvenile Courts -- The increase in violent crimes committed by juveniles has caused a shift from rehabilitation to retribution and deterrence. Many states open juvenile proceedings to the public when a violent crime incites community outrage. "Something's bound to go wrong" -- A boy who played games with justice couldn't outrun the cost of defiance. When a child kills, does he instantly become an adult? Or does he maintain some trappings of childhood, despite the gravity of his actions? UK - How tags make offenders toe the line: The hardcore teens who now stay out of jail - and out of trouble. UK - Inspector's report on Dartmoor prison (pdf) Building Blocks for Youth is an alliance of children's advocates, researchers, law enforcement professionals and community organizers that seeks to protect minority youth in the justice system and promote rational justice policies. The New Face of Juvenile Justice - Marquese has been stealing since he was 12. Jose took part in a deadly brawl. Manny and a gang brutally attacked a family. Shawn stabbed his father. They were all under 18, should they be tried as adults? Should juveniles be treated as adults? Cabrini College criminal justice professor, Linda Collier and Northeastern University criminal justice professor, James Fox, respond. Can Prevention Programs stem the Tide Of Delinquency? The US has a problem with juvenile violence. The concern focuses on punishment and very little on prevention or intervention. The US is the world leader in incarceration. juvenilejustice.com Female Offenders in the Juvenile Justice System - The relative growth in juvenile arrests involving females was more than double the growth for males 1989 - 1993. Juvenile arrests for violent crime increased 33% for males, they increased 55% for females. The ratio of male juvenile arrests to female juvenile arrests declined from 8 to 1 in 1989 to 6 to 1 in 1993. Latino and Latina Youth in the U.S. Justice System Wilderness Therapy & Treatment "Outdoor Behavioral Health" -- A non-profit consumer protection information, research, health, safety, referral & education site for parents, families and professionals seeking help for youth at risk and teenagers with depression, anxiety and oppositional, defiant and conduct disorders, alcohol and other drug and substance abuse, as well as school and academic problems. Outdoor Education and Troubled Youth -- Outdoor education and outdoor therapeutic programs in working with troubled youth from a study of outdoor therapeutic methods. A 14-year-old boy sent to a "tough love" boot camp to learn confidence and self-respect died after he vomited dirt in the desert. In the spring of 2001 after Anthony Haynes a troubled Phoenix teen was caught shoplifting, his mother Melanie enrolled him in Americas Buffalo Soldiers Re-enactors Association, a boot camp run by 57-year-old Charles Franklin Long, II, modeled his camp after military boot camps. She never expected him to end up dead. Tracking delinquent children sentenced to state facilities. Charles, 13, with the IQ of a 5-year-old, was handcuffed and taken to the state's most secure lockup for ringing a doorbell. Christopher Rapier, is a likeable boy whose life was spent battling good and evil -- with little help from his family or the state. Children have been physically and sexually abused, hogtied and forced to sleep on floors next to waste from overflowing commodes. Mental Health Issues and Juvenile Justice - Based on available data, it is safe to estimate that at least 1 out of 5 youth in the juvenile justice system has serious mental health problems. View the conference online. Psychiatric Drug Tests May Violate Law - California Officials said tests of psychiatric drugs on teenage inmates may violate state law. jointogether "Something's bound to go wrong" - A boy who played games with the police and the justice system couldn't outrun the cost of defiance. Lionel Tate12, imitating professional wrestlers when he killed his playmate, Tiffany Eunick, 6, was sentenced to life in prison without parole. Nathaniel Brazill14, was convicted of 2nd-degree murder for the killing of his English teacher, Barry Grunow. Juveniles Prosecuted in State Criminal Courts - State statutes, usually based on age criteria, define a juvenile under the original jurisdiction of the juvenile court system. In 37 States and DC, those under 18 charged with a law violation are considered juveniles. In 10 States the upper limit is age 16, and in 3 States, the upper limit is 15. Numerous exceptions permit a prosecutor to proceed against a juvenile as an adult in criminal court. Juvenile delinquents respond to punishment - University of Chicago study shows Increased punishment of juveniles reduces the amount of crime they commit in a way similar to the impact punishment has for adults. Steven Levitt, Associate Professor of Economics at the University of Chicago Beyond the Walls - Improving Conditions of Confinement for Youth in Custody - 47 of 50 States and DC have changed juvenile justice laws in recent years to include more transfers of youth to adult court, mandatory minimum sentences, and more incarceration, which exacerbated the unlawful conditions in many facilities. These overcrowded, deficient facilities hold disproportionate numbers of nonwhite youth for nonviolent property and drug crimes. It is imperative juvenile justice advocates safeguard the rights of children in detention. Advocates need to hold facilities accountable for operating in a lawful and humane manner. Subjecting youth to abusive, unlawful conditions increases rates of violence, recidivism and propels children into the adult criminal justice system. Deficiencies in living space, security, control of suicidal behavior, health care, education and treatment services, emergency preparedness, and access to legal counsel threaten the youth, and the community that will receive them after release. Office of Juvenile Justice & Delinquency Prevention The National Juvenile Court Data Archive: Collecting Data Since 1927 Collects, stores, and analyzes data about young people referred to US Courts for delinquency and status offenses. Juvenile and family courts across the country voluntarily provide the Archive with information about the juveniles involved in delinquency and status offense cases, the reasons for their referral to court, and the court's response. Every year, data on more than 800,000 new juvenile court cases are contributed to the Archive by jurisdictions containing 67% of the US juvenile population. Coordinating Council on Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention - No corner of America is safe from increasing levels of criminal violence, including violence committed by and against juveniles. Parents are afraid to let their children walk to school alone. Children hesitate to play in neighborhood playgrounds. The elderly lock themselves in their homes, and innocent Americans of all ages find their lives changed by the fear of crime. The Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice - A private nonprofit organization whose mission is to reduce society's reliance on incarceration as a solution to social problems. National Juvenile Detention Association (NJDA) exists to advance the science, processes, and art of juvenile detention services through the overall improvement of the juvenile justice profession. The Association strives to promote adequate detention services for juveniles. Access to Juvenile Courts - This recent increase in violent crimes committed by juveniles has caused a shift from goals of rehabilitation to those of retribution and deterrence. Many states have opened juvenile proceedings to the public when a minor is charged with a violent crime that incites community outrage. Kari & Associates September 19, 2007 Copyright Kari Sable Burns 1994-2007 |
Preventing and Reducing Juvenile Delinquency: A Comprehensive Framework by James C. Howell -- Created as an alternative to the punishment-oriented criminal justice system, the juvenile court is a unique American invention that has been replicated around the world. But to say that this system is without significant flaws would be misleading. Understanding the strengths and weaknesses of the juvenile justice system is a vital step towards improving counseling and rehabilitation programs.
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